ABSTRACT: The research was conducted to test the hypothesis that the inclusion of coffee husk (Coffea sp.) would improve the fermentative characteristics and quality of pearl millet silage (Pennisetumglaucum). Thus, the objective was to assess the effect of the inclusion of different levels of coffee husk in pearl millet silage on the chemical composition, fermentative characteristics and degradability in situ of silage. The experimental design used was completely randomized and the treatments consisted of the silage of the whole pearl millet plant with the inclusion of increasing levels of coffee husk: 0%, 7%, 14% and 21%, based on natural matter. After 60 days of fermentation, the silages were evaluated for chemical characteristics, fermentative, degradability in situ dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The inclusion of coffee husk did not alter (P > 0.05) the contents of crude protein (11.94%), NDF (44.89%) and total digestible nutrients (65.09%). There were increases in the concentrations of DM and fiber in acid detergent, accompanied by a reduction in the concentrations of mineral matter and ether extract, as the proportion of coffee husks in silages increased. There was an increase in the lignin content up to the level of 7.59% inclusion of the coffee husk. There was no effect of the inclusion of the coffee husk on the pH of the silage (3.60). However, the inclusion of coffee husk resulted in a reduction in temperature, gas losses, and degradability in situ of silage DM and NDF. It is recommended to include coffee husk up to the level of 14.0% of the natural matter to improve the fermentation pattern and the quality of the pearl millet silage.

RESUMO: A pesquisa foi conduzida para testar a hipótese de que a inclusão de casca de café (Coffea sp.) melhoraria as características fermentativas e a qualidade da silagem de milheto (Pennisetum glaucum). Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis da casca de café na ensilagem de milheto sobre a composição química, características fermentativas e degradabilidade in situ da silagem. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado e os tratamentos constituíram-se pela silagem da planta inteira de milheto com a inclusão de níveis crescentes de casca de café: 0%, 7%, 14% e 21%, com base na matéria natural. Após 60 dias de fermentação, as silagens foram avaliadas quanto às características químicas, fermentativas, degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (MS) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). A inclusão da casca de café não alterou (P > 0,05) os teores de proteína bruta (11,94%), FDN (44,89%) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (65,09%). Houve aumentos nas concentrações de MS e fibra em detergente ácido, acompanhados de uma redução nas concentrações de matéria mineral e extrato etéreo, à medida que se aumentou a participação da casca de café nas silagens. Houve um aumento no teor de lignina até o nível de 7,59% de inclusão da casca de café. Não houve efeito da inclusão da casca de café sobre o pH da silagem (3,60). Entretanto, a inclusão de casca de café acarretou na redução da temperatura, perdas por gases, degradabilidade in situ da MS e FDN da silagem. Recomenda-se a inclusão de casca de café até o nível de 14,0% da matéria natural para melhoria do padrão de fermentação e da qualidade da silagem de milheto.

ABSTRACT The proper distribution of maize seeds in pneumatic dispensers is essential for high-quality sowing operations. To enhance seed distribution accuracy, advanced pneumatic mechanisms utilizing new electrically driven dosing devices have been developed, as mechanical mechanisms often lead to distribution errors. Consequently, it becomes imperative to assess the impact of these mechanisms, particularly concerning operational speed. This study aims to evaluate the transmission performance of pneumatic dispensers when depositing maize seeds at varying operating speeds. The experiment was conducted on a static simulation bench, employing a completely randomized design and assessing two seed distribution mechanisms at speeds of 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, 11.0, and 13.0 km h-1. Parameters analyzed included acceptable spacing, double failure, coefficient of variation, and precision index, gathered from five repetitions of 250 consecutive seed depositions. The results suggest that the independent electrically driven dosing mechanism outperforms the pneumatic dosing mechanism with mechanical transmission in terms of acceptable spacing (1.27), missing spacing (0.85), and accuracy index (1.31). However, it is crucial to note that an increase in operating speed negatively impacts seed quality for both dispenser drive mechanisms.

RESUMO A distribuição adequada das sementes de milho em dispensadores pneumáticos é essencial para uma semeadura de alta qualidade. Para melhorar a precisão da distribuição de sementes, foram desenvolvidos mecanismos pneumáticos avançados que utilizam novos dispositivos de dosagem acionados eletricamente, uma vez que os mecanismos mecânicos muitas vezes levam a erros de distribuição. Consequentemente, torna-se imperativo avaliar o impacto destes mecanismos, particularmente no que diz respeito à velocidade operacional. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho da transmissão de dispensadores pneumáticos na deposição de sementes de milho em diversas velocidades de operação. O experimento foi conduzido em bancada de simulação estática, empregando delineamento inteiramente casualizado e avaliando dois mecanismos de distribuição de sementes nas velocidades de 5,0, 7,0, 9,0, 11,0 e 13,0 km h-1. Os parâmetros analisados incluíram espaçamento aceitável, falha dupla, coeficiente de variação e índice de precisão, obtidos a partir de cinco repetições de 250 deposições consecutivas de sementes. Os resultados sugerem que o mecanismo de dosagem independente acionado eletricamente supera o mecanismo de dosagem pneumático com transmissão mecânica em termos de espaçamento aceitável (1,27), espaçamento ausente (0,85) e índice de precisão (1,31). No entanto, é crucial observar que um aumento na velocidade operacional impacta negativamente a qualidade da semente para ambos os mecanismos de acionamento do dispensador.

Resumo Ondas de calor e eventos de mortalidade em massa da biota marinha são cada vez mais frequentes e estão positivamente correlacionados ao aquecimento do oceano. Embora a literatura tenha indicado que algumas espécies de esponjas marinhas e algumas regiões oceânicas, como a Zona Econômica Exclusiva do Brasil, podem ser menos afetadas ou serem mais resilientes em cenários futuros de mudanças climáticas, poucos estudos focaram na resposta das espécies à problemática das mudanças climáticas na costa brasileira. Esse paradigma foi desfeito em 2019 após um excepcional aumento médio de 2 °C na temperatura da superfície do mar e nos valores de precipitação, desde 2015 na Baía da Ilha Grande (BIG, SE Brasil). Essa combinação de fatores possivelmente favoreceu um contexto ambiental sem precedentes, levando ao forte declínio populacional e alta taxa de mortalidade da esponja marinha Desmapsamma anchorata na primavera austral. A espécie costuma ser uma das espécies bentônicas mais frequentes na BIG, mas só foi observada em 41,7% dos sítios (n = 12). De 162 indivíduos registrados em Abraãozinho ao longo de 180 m de costão rochoso, 83 indivíduos (51,2%) estavam saudáveis, 74 (45,7%) estavam cobertos por cianobactéria e localmente branqueados e cinco (3,1%) estavam completamente branqueados ou mortos. A deterioração da população de D. anchorata na zona de transição biogeográfica (estado do Rio de Janeiro) pode refletir em uma alteração na comunidade marinha da BIG, abrindo espaço para o estabelecimento de espécies oportunistas, uma vez que a BIG possui alto turnover. A tridimensionalidade, o abrigo a diversas espécies, a alta capacidade competitiva e o potencial de indicar áreas poluídas ou não tornam D. anchorata uma espécie chave no monitoramento da BIG em um cenário de mudanças climáticas.

Abstract Frequent heat waves and mass mortality events on marine biota are positively correlated to ocean warming. Although literature has indicated some species of marine sponges, and some oceanic regions, like the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone, may be less affected or seem to be more resilient under future scenarios of climate changes, few studies have focused on the species responses on the climate change issue along Brazilian coast. This paradigm was undone throughout 2019 after an exceptional average increase of 2 °C in the sea surface temperature (SST) and on precipitation values since 2015 at Ilha Grande Bay (IGB, SE Brazil). The combination of SST and precipitation average increase possibly favored an environmental context for the unprecedented strong population decline and mass mortality rate of the marine sponge species Desmapsamma anchorata in the austral spring. The species used to be one of the most frequent benthic species at IGB however it was only recorded in 41.7% sites (n = 12). From 162 individuals recorded at Abraãozinho along 180 m rocky shore, 83 individuals (51.2%) were healthy, 74 (45.7%) were intensively covered by cyanobacteria and locally bleached, and five (3.1%) were completely bleached or died. Desmapsamma anchorata population deterioration in a biogeographic transition zone (Rio de Janeiro state) may reflect a shift in the marine community of IGB, opening space for opportunistic species establishment and coverage increase, since IGB has a high species turnover. The three-dimensionality, the shelter for several species, the high competitive ability and the potential to indicate polluted or not polluted areas make D. anchorata a key species for IGB monitoring in a climate change scenario.

ABSTRACT Understanding soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in production systems on tropical soils is necessary to guide strategies to increase SOM formation. This study aimed to evaluate soil carbon (C) dynamics by combining applications of different plant residues used on tropical soils. An incubation study was carried out with and without adding millet (Pennisetum americanum) residues combined with six crop residues (legumes and non-legumes); and one additional treatment with only millet residue. Higher C-CO2 fluxes recorded in jack bean, sunflower and velvet bean residues were correlated with high soluble compound contents (49.5, 49.6 and 32.1 %, respectively). Adding millet residues resulted in positive PE for all residue combinations. Soils without millet, except jack bean, had a negative PE. Residues application promoted four times increase in C-POM content (from 1.04 to 4.2 g kg-1 soil). The C-MAOM content had 2.4 times increase, being more expressive due to its high initial content (from 15.3 to 37.3 g kg-1 soil). The comparison between the final C contents in the SOM fractions showed a significant increase of 8.8 times for MAOM in relation to POM, demonstrating the larger dimension of this C reservoir in the soil. Both combinations of legumes + non-legumes and non-legume + non-legume contributed significantly to the conversion of C to MAOM. The results give insight into possible management strategies for significant C increments in the more stable SOM fractions, depending on the residue type (quality) and residue combination.

Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus changed society’s behaviour. Population was advised to reduce unnecessary heath care use to accommodate urgent cases and daily increase of COVID-19 patients. Health care facilities faced huge challenges, having to readjust their response to preserve good quality of care. In Portugal, a significant reduction in the number of admissions to the Emergency Department (ED) was reported all over the country, however the impact on the dynamics of undeferrable surgery remains to be reported. This study compares the volume and characteristics of urgent/emergency surgery during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic with the homologous period in 2019, chronologically illustrating the national evolution of new COVID-19 cases and the social and hospital containment response. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital center located in the most affected region by COVID-19 in Portugal. Medical records of patients who underwent urgent/emergency surgery between March 1st and May 2nd of both 2020 and 2019 were examined and the volume of surgeries were compared. Also, daily national updates from Portuguese Directorate-General for Health were analysed. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic approximately 30% less patients underwent urgent/emergency surgery (99%CI = 0.18–0.61, p< 0.001). Waiting time for surgery showed no difference between both years (p= 0.068), but patients who did surgery during the 2020 pandemic had higher mortality rates than the ones who did it in 2019 (11.4% in 2020 and 5.9% in 2019, p= 0.001). Reduction in surgery volume was correlated with the increasing number of infected cases nationally. Conclusion: This study demonstrates decreasing numbers of urgent/emergency procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic that may be justified by the national growth number of infected cases. Preoperative mass screening strategy was implemented without compromising the efficiency of surgical service, but patients’ mortality was higher. The importance of visiting the ED during COVID-19 pandemic for serious cases that cannot be managed in other settings should be highlighted.

ABSTRACT: Accidents related to the rupture of iron ore tailings dams have dramatically impacted on the Brazilian natural ecosystem. So, the development of strategies to recover soil organic matter levels and build-up Technosols are required. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of N-mineral and -organic fertilization and the rhizospheric effect on soil organic matter mineralization from Technosols built under iron ore tailings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse; we used a factorial scheme 2 × 2 × 3: without and with the plant Crotalaria juncea ; without and with mineral fertilization; and three different organic fertilization (without organic fertilization, sewage sludge, and household waste composting), with four randomized blocks. The experimental units were PVC columns installed with a top layer of iron ore tailing from a dam, where gases were sampled to determine the CO2-C, CH4-C concentrations, and CO2-δ13C. The organic fertilization promoted a positive priming effect of 184 %. However, with mineral fertilization, no effect was observed in soil derived-CO2-C accumulated and priming effect. Similarly to non-planted soil, the planted soils with mineral and organic fertilization promoted a steady reduction in soil derived-CO2-C accumulated and rhizosphere priming effect. The soil with mineral fertilization improved in 5.52 and 0.45 g per column the shoot and root dry matter of Crotalaria when compared to the soil without mineral fertilization. In summary, the organic fertilization in Technosols built over iron ore tailings dams during revegetation was not enough to ensure the plant development and preservation of soil organic matter. However, the combination of mineral and organic fertilization promoted negative rhizosphere priming effect and a significant increase in plant biomass.

Resumo: Os gestores das organizações possuem poucas ferramentas para avaliar as capabilities da manufatura. Essa escassez implica em uma maior dificuldade para gerar ou manter vantagens competitivas sustentáveis frente aos concorrentes. Este trabalho tem por objetivo replicar o instrumento de Jain et al. (2014) para avaliação das capabilities da manufatura e analisar os resultados no contexto empresarial e cultural brasileiro. O instrumento foi traduzido para português utilizando o método back-translation. Após isto, foi executado um pré-teste para verificação da clareza e compreensão, em seguida o instrumento foi distribuído eletronicamente. Para a análise dos dados, foram realizadas análises de confiabilidade, método de validação de face, validação de conteúdo, análise de regressão múltipla e análise fatorial. Posteriormente, os resultados foram comparados com o trabalho de Jain et al. (2014). Adicionalmente, foi realizada uma análise fatorial exploratória para verificar a validade convergente do trabalho. Os resultados estatísticos obtidos não foram adequados para validar o instrumento em seu formato atual, que necessita de aperfeiçoamentos para que seja aplicado como método de avaliação de capabilities de manufatura no Brasil. O índice de confiabilidade esteve adequado em, aproximadamente, metade das questões do instrumento. Quanto à análise de regressão múltipla, os resultados não foram satisfatórios. E, adicionalmente esta pesquisa executou a análise fatorial exploratória, com baixo índice de confiabilidade. Esses resultados contribuíram para o aprimoramento do instrumento desenvolvido por Jain et al. (2014). Será possível levar em consideração os resultados obtidos neste estudo para implementações de melhorias estatísticas e observar questões que precisam ser alteradas para realmente representar as 10 áreas de decisão de manufatura de Hayes et al. (1988). Portanto, é necessário realizar novos estudos e executar melhorias para torná-lo uma ferramenta valiosa para a manufatura.

Abstract: Managers of organizations have few tools to evaluate manufacturing capabilities. Such scarcity implies in a greater difficulty to generate or maintain sustainable competitive advantages over competitors. This study aims to replicate the instrument developed by Jain et al. (2014) for the evaluation of manufacturing capabilities and analyze the results in the Brazilian business and cultural contexts. The instrument was translated into Portuguese using back-translation. After this, was performed a pre-test to verify understanding and clarity, then the instrument was distributed electronically. For data analysis, reliability analysis, face validation method, content validation, multiple regression analysis and factor analysis were performed. Subsequently, the results were compared with those of the work by Jain et al. (2014). Additionally, an exploratory factor analysis was performed to verify the convergent validity of the work. Statistical results were not adequate to validate the instrument in its current format, which requires improvements for it to be applied as a manufacturing capabilities assessment method in Brazil. The reliability index was adequate in approximately half of the instrument questions. As for multiple regression analysis, the results were not satisfactory. In addition, this research performed an exploratory factor analysis. Inconsistencies were identified. From ten expected factors, only four were obtained and had a low reliability index. These results contributed to the improvement of the instrument developed by Jain et al. (2014). It will be possible to take into account the results obtained in this study for implementations of statistical improvements and to observe questions that need to be changed in order to actually represent the 10 manufacturing decision areas of Hayes et al. (1988). Thus, it is necessary to conduct further studies and make improvements to make it a valuable tool for manufacturing.

Resumo O trabalho retoma o conjunto fotográfico Lost Angels (2014), de Lee Jeffries, que retrata pessoas em situação de rua nos grandes centros urbanos, para pensar como os efeitos da estruturação da imagem fotográfica constituem uma relação de alteridade contingencializada. Através dos retratos de sujeitos vulneráveis, Jeffries assina modos de convocação do olhar articulados entre a codificação desejada e a regularização da dimensão estética. Nessa dualidade particular, as imagens são examinadas a partir das repercussões possíveis em regimes de figuração que acionam certo deleite visual conforme modos de convocação da presença dos sujeitos. Discutimos como a fotografia documental ainda poderia oferecer operadores visuais nas tópicas do retrato humano e qual sua designação específica nas exposições destes sujeitos em uma perspectiva plástica e conversacional da imagem.

Abstract This paper takes up the photographic work Lost Angels (2014), by Lee Jefries, which portraits people living on the streets in large urban centers, to think about how the effects of the structure in photographic image constitute a contingent relationship of alterity. Through these portraits of vulnerable people, Jeffries signs ways to summon the look articulated between the desired codification and the regularization of the aesthetic dimension. In this duality, the images are examined based on the possible repercussions of the modes of figuration that trigger a certain visual delight according to the ways in which the presence of people is called upon. We reflect on how documentary photography could offer visual operators in the topics of human portrait and what is its specific designation in these subjects’ exposures in a plastic and conversational perspective of the image.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, tomando por referência a filosofia de Henri Bergson (1859-1941) e a fisiologia experimental de Claude Bernard (1813-1878), dois esforços análogos, ainda que sem relação direta em suas origens, em face de imperativos que se colocam ao sujeito do conhecimento que se ocupa da vida. Tentaremos mostrar, autorizados pelo próprio Bergson, no interior de determinada prática científica representada pela fisiologia experimental de Claude Bernard, uma atitude diante dos fatos orgânicos que não é o monopólio de uma filosofia que se ocupa da verificação das condições e dos limites do conhecimento da vida, problemática que, na filosofia francesa do século XX, encontra em L’Évolution créatrice (1907) uma expressão incontornável.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to present, taking as reference Henri Bergson’s philosophy (1859-1941) and Claude Bernard’s (1813-1878) experimental physiology, two analogous efforts, despite a lack of direct relation in terms of their origins, resulting from some obligations posed to the subject of knowledge who takes life as a matter of theoretical analysis. Authorized by Bergson himself, we will try to show, within a scientific practice represented by Claude Bernard’s experimental physiology, an attitude towards organic facts that is not the monopoly of a philosophy which seeks to elucidate the conditions and limits of life knowledge, a theoretical problem which, in the twentieth century French philosophy finds in the Creative Evolution (1907) its essential expression.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do resíduo da extração de própolis, adicionado em dietas de bovinos com níveis crescentes de proteína, sobre a fermentação ruminal in vitro. Para tanto, utilizou-se a técnica de produção de gás in vitro. A incubação foi realizada com inóculos de três vacas fistuladas, em três períodos. Em cada período, uma vaca recebeu uma dose diária de 100 g do resíduo de própolis. Foram avaliadas quatro dietas: silagem de milho (controle); e 25, 50 e 75% de concentrado à base de farelo de soja. Foram determinados: cinética de fermentação ruminal; degradação da matéria seca; produção de gases, ácidos graxos voláteis (acetato, propionato e butirato), metano e nitrogênio amoniacal; e pH. A inclusão de 14,4, 15,1 e 9,5% de resíduo de própolis, respectivamente, a 25, 50 e 75% de concentrado aumentou a produção de gases oriundos da degradação dos carboidratos fibrosos, em comparação ao controle. O resíduo de própolis reduz a produção de metano e a relação acetato:propionato em todos os níveis de inclusão de concentrado testados.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the residue from the extraction of propolis, added to bovine diets with increasing levels of protein, on ruminal fermentation in vitro. For this, the in vitro gas production technique was used. Incubation was carried out with inocula from three fistulated cows, in three periods. In each period, a cow received a daily dose of 100 g propolis residue. Four diets were evaluated: corn silage (control); and 25, 50, and 75% concentrate based on soybean meal. The following were determined: kinetics of rumen fermentation; dry matter degradation; production of gases, volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), methane, and ammonia nitrogen; and pH. The inclusion of 14.4, 15.1, and 9.5% propolis residue, respectively, to 25, 50, and 75% concentrate increased the production of gases from the degradation of fibrous carbohydrates, when compared with the control. The propolis residue reduces methane production and the acetate:propionate ratio at all tested concentrate inclusion levels.

Resumo Sambaquis são sítios arqueológicos presentes principalmente próximos a costa e a sistemas flúvio-lacustres. São encontrados na maior parte do litoral brasileiro. Coletas e análises de amostras de solos e de espécies de malacofauna fornecem informações importantes sobre a ocupação humana em determinado local. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar, através da análise de elementos químicos presentes em amostras de solos, a ocorrência de ocupação humana em três sambaquis localizados no município de Guarapari, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram delimitados três perfis, um para cada sambaqui, denominados Una I, Una II e Concha D’Ostra. As amostras de solos foram secas, destorroadas e peneiradas. A seguir foram enviadas para análises em laboratório. Foram encontradas quantidades significativas de elementos químicos tais como fósforo, potássio, sódio, cálcio, magnésio, manganês, zinco, cobre e também de matéria orgânica. Foi verificada ainda significativa variação nos níveis de pH, na capacidade de troca de cátions, na soma de bases e saturação de bases. Os restos de espécies de malacofauna, utilizadas como fonte de alimentação pelos sambaquieiros, bem como as análises químicas das amostras de solos realizadas permitem concluir que houve ocupação humana nos três sambaquis. Altos teores de fósforo e potássio encontrados bem como o porte do sambaqui Concha D’Ostra sugerem que ali houve ocupação humana por período de tempo maior quando comparado com os sambaquis Una I e Una II.

Abstract Sambaquis are archaeological sites present mainly in coast and close to the fluvio-lake systems. They are found in most of the Brazilian coast. Sampling and analysis of soils and malacofauna species provide important information about human occupation in a given place. This research aimed to verify, through the analysis of chemical elements present in soils, the occurrence of human occupation in three sambaquis located in the Guarapari, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Three profiles were delimited, one for each sambaqui, called Una I, Una II and Concha D’Ostra. The soil samples were dried,grinded, sieved, and then sent to the laboratory analysis. Significant amounts of chemical elements such as phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper and also organic matter were found. It was also verified significant change in the pH levels, cation exchange capacity, sum of bases and base saturation. The remains of malacofauna species used as food source by the sambaquieiros as well as the soil chemical analysis allow to conclude that there was human occupation in the three sambaquis. The high levels of phosphorus and potassium found in the Concha D’Ostra sambaqui as well as its scale suggest that there was human occupation there for a longer period of time than in the Una I and Una II sambaquis.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta revisão foi investigar a epidemiologia da hepatite aguda fulminante na América Latina e Caribe e identificar possíveis ações objetivando melhor compreensão e melhora do suporte desses pacientes. MÉTODOS: Pesquisou-se o tema hepatite aguda fulminante em pediatria, publicado por autores da América Latina e Caribe nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO por três diferentes investigadores no período de 2000 a 2016. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 2.879 artigos nos bancos de dados pesquisados. Após seleção e exclusão de artigos de acordo com o protocolo de pesquisa, resultaram 68 estudos remanescentes para análise. Foram avaliados 1.265 casos com hepatite aguda fulminante, havendo predominância no sexo feminino (42,9%), seguido do masculino (39,4%), sendo que não houve a descrição de sexo em 17,7% dos casos. A principal causa foram as hepatites virais (HV), representando 45,1% dos casos. O vírus da hepatite A foi responsável por 34,7% do total de casos e por 76,9% das causas infecciosas. Do total de pacientes, 26,9% foram descritos como idiopáticos e 11,5% não tiveram causa descrita. CONCLUSÃO: As causas evitáveis de hepatite aguda fulminante incluem os vírus da hepatite — principalmente o vírus da hepatite A — e intoxicações. A vacinação ativa, o saneamento básico e a conscientização pública podem reduzir o número de doentes e, consequentemente, os custos com transplante hepático por essas causas.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to investigate the epidemiology of Fulminant Acute Hepatitis in Latin America and the Caribbean and identify possible measures aimed at a better understanding and improvement of patient support. METHODS: We used 3 different researchers to investigate the topic of Fulminant Acute Hepatitis in pediatrics in papers published by Latin American and Caribbean authors in the PubMed and SciELO databases from 2000 to 2016. RESULTS: We found 2,879 articles in the databases searched. After selecting and excluding articles according to the study protocol, 68 remaining studies were obtained for analysis. A total of 1,265 cases of acute fulminant hepatitis were detected, with a predominance of females (42.9%), followed by males (39.4%), with no description of sex in 17.7% of the cases. The main cause was viral hepatitis, representing 45.1% of the cases. The hepatitis A virus was responsible for 34.7% of the total cases and 76.9% of the infectious causes. Of the total number of patients, 26.9% were described as idiopathic, and 11.5% had no cause. CONCLUSION: The preventable causes of Fulminant Acute Hepatitis include hepatitis viruses - primarily the hepatitis A virus - and poisoning. Active vaccination, basic sanitation, and public awareness can reduce the number of patients and, consequently, the costs of liver transplantation due to these causes.

ABSTRACT This study aimed: i) to evaluate the influence of fertilization and irrigation management on eucalyptus plantations for soil carbon (C) dynamics; ii) to evaluate the impact of fertilization and irrigation management on eucalyptus plantations in the C allocation in depth compared to the Cerrado biome. This study was carried out in an eucalyptus plantation at the end of the third rotation (7 years), which received different fertilizations and irrigations, and a Cerrado area was used as reference. Soil samples were collected in trenches and the gases (CO2 and CH4) on the surface. The total organic carbon (TOC) is more influenced by the availability of water than nutrients. Soils under eucalyptus stands are more efficient at C stocks in depth than the Cerrado and act as a liquid drain of CO2 and CH4 from the atmosphere.

ABSTRACT Harvesting and reform in eucalyptus can lead to changes in soil organic matter (SOM). The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in total organic C (TOC) and N (NT), C and N in humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FH), light organic matter (LOM) and microbial biomass (MB), in Ultisol of eucalypt stands over one, two and four years of renovated areas in Rio Grande do Sul state. After the first year of eucalyptus reform, there were 78% of increases in TOC (0.0-1.0-m soil layer). After two years, there was an increase in TN and an average reduction of 52% in LOM-C (0.0-0.1-m soil layer). FA-C, HA-C, and HU-C presented mean reductions of 43 Mg ha–1 (0.0-1.0-m soil layer) after four years of reform. The litter contribution of previous crop and the crop residues from the harvest resulted in increments of the SOM fractions. However, there is a negative effect in later years.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different lipid sources in diets for lactating cows on milk yield and composition, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, and fatty acid profile in the milk fat. Five primiparous Holstein cows were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Treatments were: control (no lipid addition) and four other diets containing different lipids sources - ground raw soybean, cottonseed, soybean oil, and calcium salts of soybean fatty acids (CSSFA). The greater milk yield (kg/day) and milk lactose (g/kg) and solids non-fat (g/kg) contents were obtained with the animals fed diets with CSSFA. Regarding the fatty acid profile in the milk fat, the diets with CSSFA and ground raw soybeans produced the greatest concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and C182. Supplementation with CSSFA provided a greater production (g/day) of CLA, resulting in almost twice the values shown by the other treatments. The use of different lipid sources does not affect the milk total solids (protein, fat, and lactose) and CSSFA has a positive influence on the fatty acid profile of the milk fat and amount of CLA produced. Additionally, milk yield is not affected by this supplement.